Para comprender el estilo delart déco es necesario repasar sus características más importantes, presentes en todas sus expresiones (diseño gráfico, pintura, arquitectura, diseño de mobiliario, decoración interior, moda, cinematografía, escultura y grabados). Chauffeuse Ayo Atelier Germain L'Art déco est un mouvement artistique né dans les années 1910, principalement au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale (1918) et qui prit son plein épanouissement au cours des années 1920 avant de décliner lentement à partir des années 1930, pour prendra fin avec la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1939). El Art Decó fue tal vez uno de los movimientos más influyentes para la posteridad. For two decades, between 1915 and 1937, his works were on the covers of Harper's Bazaar and appearing in other leading fashion magazines like Vogue and Cosmopolitan. Lart déco est un courant artistique qui voit le jour dans les années 1910 et qui connait son plein épanouissement au cours des années 20 pour à la fin décliner dans les années 30. Ces deux architectures de la décoration « riche » et d'autre part de la « pureté » donnée par la simplicité comporteront de fait des passerelles entre elles selon la rigueur d'application de principes en usage chez les architectes dans le pays d'application et avec des variations de style individuel de production d'ordre pragmatique. It was time for something new, something that would shout "20thCentu… In 1925, at the inaugural Art Deco exhibition, Le Corbusier’s pavilion stood in opposition to the extravagant decorative motifs typical for the new style. Art Deco grew out of a desire in France to reestablish the country as a top-tier producer of decorative arts. The establishment of the Société des Artistes Décorateurs around the turn of the century raised the respect for objets d’art. Art Deco 1920’lerde ortaya çıkan ve 1930’lu yıllarda adını tüm dünyada duyurmuş olan bir sanat akımıdır. He first entered the art world working as an illustrator for Paul Poiret and later on became one of the most famous fashion magazine illustrators. Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann was certainly the favorite artist of the post-war bourgeois classes eager to show their wealth and taste. All images used for illustrative purposes only. ). Berke Mobilya Art Deco özellikli ürünleri en iyi fiyata en yüksek kaliteyi sunma hedefiyle sizlere hizmet vermeyi amaçlar. His pieces became more streamlined and he began experimenting with new materials from metal to enamel. Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art deco mobilya modellerinde en çok kullanılan aksesuarlar arasında metalik detayları destekleyen ayna kullanımı, mermer yüzey ile şekillenen naturel yemek odaları ve metal detaylar barındıran ayak yapısına sahip ürünler günümüze göre uyarlanan üretim örnekleri ile önde geliyor. Art Deco Üslubu Farklı dönem ve akımlardan etkilenen Art Deco’nun en karakteristik ögeleri arasında çıplak kadın figürleri, geyik, antilop ve ceylan gibi hayvanlar, yapraklar ve güneş ışınları bulunuyor. Although he was one of the loudest opponents of decorative arts, the architect Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, better known as Le Corbusier became inseparable from the Art Deco context over the years. Vocabulaire prenant des formes différentes selon les régions, selon les architectes et leurs clients, son unité stylistique tient à l'emploi de la géométrie (à la géométrisation) dont les fins sont essentiellement décoratives — et non structurelles —, au contraire du mouvement de l'avant-garde internationale, dite aussi modernisme ou style international, qui établit des principes architecturaux de volumes de baies et de circulations harmoniques. After 1938, Lepape mostly produced book illustrations abandoning the world of fashion. ), ainsi que les villes principales du Viêt Nam pour le mouvement initial, plusieurs villes chinoises telles Shanghai et encore Hong Kong, ou bien le Japon, par exemple, pour le palais du prince Asaka, à Tokyo. Como hemos dicho anteriormente este tipo de arte llegó a la fama en el año 1920. This Art Deco icon of the New York skyline was designed by William Van Alen, a French-trained American architect previously known for designing several eye-catching skyscrapers in Midtown Manhattan. The book provides a comprehensive insight into the evolution of the movement, bringing together historic and contemporary examples of Art Deco style and the extravagant spirit it celebrates. Erté - Extravagant Costume Designer. The bold bright colors and angular style that came to dominate her work, as the main features of Art Deco style, are among the main reasons why Tamara de Lempicka’s oeuvre is seen as the best representative of Art Deco painting. Although he was restrictive in the use of ornamentation, he fashioned his furniture pieces and interior decorations of the finest and expensive materials like exotic woods, ivory, lacquer, and precious metals. En réalité, le grand public nommait ce style « rétro » parce qu’il était une réaction à l’« Art Nouveau ». Her bold combinations of colors and textiles brought her the title of the designer of modern fashions during the 1925 Expo and she became famous for her patchwork dresses, which were experiments in simultanéisme, an odd and modern mix of different colors and materials. As a fast learner, Dunand quickly mastered this difficult and time-consuming technique along with coquille d'oeuf technique which allowed him to create astonishing patterns by embedding eggshells in his lacquer layers. Drawing inspiration from the popular painting movements of the time like cubism, for instance, Tamara de Lempicka developed her unique approach, which was more subtle than the original cubist expression, elegant, precise and clean. His designs and illustrations are often described as exotic and romantic, extravagant in their appearance. L’Art nouveau se développe durant la révolution industrielle alors que l’Art déco prend racine durant la Première Guerre mondiale et les Années folles. L'Art déco est le premier style à avoir eu une diffusion mondiale, créé en Belgique et touchant ensuite la France, le Portugal, l'Espagne, l'Afrique du Nord, et tous les pays anglo-saxons (Royaume-Uni, États-Unis et ses associations « Art Deco » actives, Canada, Australie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Inde, Philippines, etc. Born in St. Petersburg in 1892, he became one of the most influential fashion designers and illustrators in Paris in 1920’s. Art Deco is primarily defined by its eclectic choice of styles. Living its golden years in the period between the two biggest global conflicts Art Deco was one of the most elegant and glamorous styles in modern art history. C'est le premier mouvement architecture-décoration de nature mondiale. Dulsao confond les formes générales aux symboles (pour l'art déco : spirale, rose de Paul Iribe, rayures etc. Among the pioneers and the loudest promoters of Art Deco style is French furniture and interior designer Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann. Les sources de l'Art déco doivent être recherchées dès les années 1900-1910. In his long career, spanning approximately eight decades, this Art Deco designer used to work in the other fields as well, from jewelry design to interior decor and sculpture. Dr. Ali MÜLAYİM1 1 Kırklareli Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü, 39100 Kırklareli,TÜRKİYE. El art déco (también art decó o incluso art deco) fue un movimiento de diseño popular a partir de 1920 hasta 1939 (cuya influencia se extiende hasta la década de 1950 en algunos países) que influyó las artes decorativas mundiales tales como arquitectura, diseño interior, y diseño gráfico e industrial, también a las artes visuales tales como la moda, pintura, grabado, escultura y cinematografía. In the 1920s her collaboration with Dadaist artists resulted in the creation of her “poem dresses” where geometric blocks of colors were placed next to the lines of poetry. During his formative years, he was mostly interested in sculpture and copper work. We recently discussed the importance and characteristics of Art Deco style. Until this day, he remains one of the jewelers favored by the collectors. On many occasions, he worked with other prominent furniture designers of the Art Deco period and after a whole century, his furniture and decorative works are still highly valued by art collectors. Art Deco aesthetics and heritage continues to live today, and the nostalgic trends in today’s society continue to revive some of the features of this glorious style of the past. Some of his monumental works in Art Deco style, except his smaller perfume bottles, pieces of jewelry, and car ornaments, are the walls of lighted glass and glass columns for ocean liner Normandie and his stylized glass fountain made for the first Art Deco exposition. À Paris, Henry Van de Velde et les frères Perret – Auguste, Gustave e… Les artistes Art Déco sont considérés comme les premiers artistes mêlant architecture, ameublement et décoration à un niveau international. Apart from jewelry, he also designed objects like tea and coffee services, flatware, trays, pitchers and serving pieces among others. Throughout his work, just like many other Art Deco artists, Georges Lepape was influenced by Orientalism, Persian miniatures and the popular theater aesthetics of the Ballet Russes. Between the 1920s and 1940s Art Deco was embraced by many artists regardless of the field they were working in, from architecture and interior design to painting, sculpture, ceramics, fashion and jewelry. At first, his lacquer works were mostly inspired by Japanese cultural heritage and naturalistic motifs typical for Art Nouveau designs, but he afterward abandoned these motifs for more abstract and purer forms influenced by Cubism and African art. Jusqu’alors considéré comme des spécialités très différentes, il n’existait auparavant pas ou très peu de liens entre ces différentes disciplines. O Art Déco afetou as artes decorativas, a arquitetura, o design de interiores e desenho industrial, assim como a moda, a pintura, as artes gráficas, o cinema e o design de vários tipos de meios de transporte (carros, trens e transatlânticos) Seu nome tem origem da abreviação de Artes Decorativas, da Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes (Exposição Internacional de Artes … Matematiği benimseyen Art Deco yapıları, Grego-Roman Klasisizmi, Babil, Asur, Antik Mısır ve Aztek yapıları gibi … Auch Gemälde und Illustrationen wurden im Stil des Art déco gefertigt. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi Journal of Advanced Technology Sciences ISSN:2147-345 ART DECO MİMARLIĞI VE İÇ MEKÂN TASARIMINA YANSIMALARI Yrd. In the Art Deco period, he dominated the jewelry and glass market, and his success can also be attributed to his lost wax method of glass casting which allowed him to create multiples of the same design. L'Art déco est un mouvement artistique né au cours des années 1910 et qui a pris son plein épanouissement au cours des années 1920 avant de décliner à partir des années 1930. Until the mid-1930’s he was the star illustrator at Vogue magazine. Russian artist Léon Bakst who was among the most influential designers for the Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes Company between 1909 and 1921 influenced the formation of the early Art Deco aesthetics. A founder of the Decorative Artists Society, Hector Guimard (1867-1942) was a French architect famous for designing modern facades for the entrances to Paris Metro stations during the Art Nouveau movement (1890-1905). Ordre, couleur et géométrie : l'essentiel du vocabulaire Art déco est posé. Le terme « Art déco » est labréviation de « Arts décoratifs », il touche le monde de larchitecture, plus précisément laménagement et la décoration de lintérieur. Esse estilo se manifestou nas artes visuais, arquitetura, escultura, design de interiores e industrial, cinema, moda, etc. The Art Deco celebration of the technological developments and industrialization is perhaps best embodied in the work of Jean Després. « Art déco » est l'abréviation de « Arts décoratifs », et concerne l'architecture, plus spécialement l'architecture intérieure avec ses tapisseries, vitraux, peintures et sculptures ornementales, son ébénisterie, l'emploi de la céramique, de l'orfèvrerie. Modern & Contemporary Art Resource. The concept of geometric design was ultimately new and fashionable during the decade between 1920 and 1930, and some of her best pieces come from this period. This group of artists revolutionized theatrical design at the beginning of the century working not only on costumes and on decor but also influencing the visual style of the dance. By the end of the 19th century in France, many of the notable artists, architects, and designers who had played important roles in the development of the Art Nouveau style recognized that it was becoming increasingly passé. His style was curvilinear, characteristic of Art Nouveau. The book Art Deco, written by the German-based art historian Norbert Wolf, traces the origins of the movement in the period between the two World Wars, focusing on the pioneering creations, characteristics of this widely recognizable style, most significant artists, and also social and political contextualization of the movement. Already an idol in the history of architecture, Le Corbusier favored standardized housing, purist aesthetics, strict and rational designs. He was a member of the Mir Iskusstva group, which became famous in Paris in the years of the Ballets Russes craze. Aunque las influencias que originaron esta clase de arte era estilísticas y formales, esta modalidad de arte es sólido y además tien… His other famous works include jewelry which incorporates miniature cubist paintings and neo-classical pieces which are an odd combination of metal and ceramics. L'art déco stylise, s'inspire du néo-cubisme, de la géométrie etc. Throughout this period, he also collaborated with Paul Poiret, another famous designer from Art Deco golden years and except his illustrations he did numerous designs for opera and theater costumes and stage sets. Art Deco was the result of a long campaign by French decorative artists to gain equal status with the creators of paintings and sculpture. His years in Paris were marked by his friendship with the avant-garde artists Modigliani, de Chirico, and Braque. © 2013-2020 Widewalls | Art Up Deco : galerie tableaux, photographies, sculptures contemporaines Art Up Déco est un concept novateur de galeries en libre-service pour amateurs, collectionneurs et clients néophytes. Se dio de 1920 a 1939 y logró desarrollar un nuevo concepto de artes decorativas en ámbitos como la arquitectura, diseño interior, gráfico e industrial. Art Deco ismini 1925 yılında üslubun ilk kez sergilendiği Uluslararası Çağdaş Dekoratif ve Endüstriyel Sanatlar Sergisi’nden (Exposition des Arts Decoratifs Industriels et Modernes) alır. « Art déco » est l'abréviation de « Arts décoratifs », et concerne l'architecture, plus spécialement l'architecture intérieure avec ses tapisseries, vitraux, peintures et sculptures ornementales, son ébénisterie, l'emploi de la céramique, de l'orfèvrerie. As one of the most important Art Deco artists, Sonia Delaunay also made imaginative waistcoats for Tristan Tzara, Louis Aragon, Rene Crevel and other Surrealist poets and even today her abstract designs influence high-end fashion collections. C'est le premier mouvement d'architecture-décoration de nature mondiale. With hundreds of illustrations, Norbert Wolf’s book brings the finest examples of Art Deco paintings, architecture, interiors, jewelry, crafts, furniture, and fashion. French artist Jean Dunand was certainly the most important lacquer artist of the Art Deco period. L’« Art Déco » est le nom dont a été affublé a posteriori – durant les années 1960, en référence à l’Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (Paris, 1925) – le style artistique majeur, en France, de la période des « Années folles », c’est-à-dire pendant la période de l’entre-deux guerres. The Ballets Russes as the first international performing company which featured stage and costume designs by the prominent artists was for a long time one of the main sources of inspiration for Art Deco designers. Notre ambition est de rendre l’art contemporain accessible et de vous faire partager le talent et la diversité des artistes d’aujourd’hui. Art Deco, terminolojik olarak başlıca mimari, dekoratif sanatlar ve mobilya eşyaları gibi alanlarda uygulanan bir tasarım tarzı olarak ortaya çıkmış ve sanat tarihinde kendine yer edinememiştir. Georges Lepape’s art is mainly characterized by his witty portraits, curvilinear style, elegance which dominated his prints, posters illustrations, and catalogues. In the spirit of remembrance, we are today revisiting the works of ten most influential Art Deco artists and talking about the way they have changed the world of decoration. Çoğu zaman akışkan görünen Art Deco tasarımları, geometrik olduğu kadar doğal formları da kapsıyor. Il s’agit de meubles réalisés par des ébénistes qui cherchent le luxe et la perfection. Some of the pieces he created were based on the actual machine parts. Brooklyn, New York, United States of America. We aim at providing better value for money than most. Le style Art déco prend son essor avant la Première Guerre mondiale contre les volutes et formes organiques de l'Art nouveau. After 1910, he began his lacquer experiments as the apprentice of Japanese artist Seizo Sugawara. O termo "Art Déco" provém do termo francês " … Art Deco, Art Nouveau’nun asimetrik düzeninin ve eğrisel çizgilerinin tersine simetrik bir düzene ve köşeli doğrusal çizgilere sahiptir. Closer to the Bauhaus ideas Le Corbusier’s architectural works were anti-decorative and hostile towards the luxurious, expensive and exotic materials promoted by Art Deco artists. The first use of the term Art Deco is often attributed to this man, even though the term officially entered the art history vocabulary in the sixties. : certains qualifient déjà les formes Art nouveau de « molles », ou encore de « style nouille ». … Art déco (kurz für französisch art décoratif, dekorative Kunst)[1] ist ein Stilbegriff, der auf die Formgebung in vielen Gestaltungsbereichen wie Architektur, Möbel, Fahrzeuge, Kleidermode, Schmuck oder Gebrauchsgegenstände angewandt wird. En tant que spécialiste en art, Barnies vous fait découvrir les subtilités de ce mouvement à la fois architectural et artistique. Another famous Art Deco designer is Georges Lepape. However, glass pieces remained his favorite, except they gained new prismatic qualities. In the interwar period, Art Deco patterns were a synonym for modernist ideas of progress, optimistic celebrations of life and luxurious lifestyle of a generation of youth who was coming of age after the war. Le Bauhaus allemand a pu accomplir le rêve des artistes de l’Art déco : la production en série. Les meubles sont donc souvent des pièces uniques. Le style Art déco tire son nom de l'Exposition internationale des Arts décoratifs et industriels modernes qui se tint à Paris en 1925. After the war, Jean Després became famous for his innovative and conceptual geometric designs. Ceci fait partie de l'article Wikipédia utilisé sous licence CC-BY-SA. Romain de Tirtoff known by his alias Erté is probably one of the best known Art Deco designers. She was one of the most prominent portrait painters in her generation, favored by the elite audience and her works are even today greeted with enthusiasm. Entre autres appelations, l’Art Deco a également été nommé « Art moderne » or « moderni… Le décor, en général encore très présent, n'a plus la liberté des années 1900 ; il est sévèrement encadré par ses créateurs et son dessin s'inspire de la géométrisation cubiste. As one of the most popular decorative styles in history, Art Deco has lived up to many of its revivals and imitations. Ruhlmann strongly believed that the salvation of art depended on the elites and unlike Le Corbusier who promoted strictness and purism, the designs of Ruhlmann perfectly embodied that spectacular and luxurious spirit of the age. Vibrant and exciting, full of exotic imagery and motifs, the costume and set designs by Léon Bakst embodied all those essential elements Art Deco artists longed for. René Jules Lalique is probably the world’s most famous glass art designer whose legacy is still strong today and whose pieces are favored by the collectors. Ils s’orientent dès lors vers des lignes simples, des compositions classiques et un emploi parcimonieux du décor. Featured images: Georges Lepape - L'Entracte, detail; Erté - The Nile. Le mouvement Art déco est un mouvement artistique qui s’est développé au début des années 1900. Among the high-style Art Deco artists, Ruhlmann is certainly the forerunner who helped define the movement and who still inspires designers today. Born in 1860 in Paris, Lalique became one of the most praised Art Nouveau jewelry designers working for the leading French jewelers like Cartier and Boucheron. However, due to Art Deco’s close relation to modernist aesthetics and Le Corbusier’s early works as a decorator, his name became essential in any talk about the history of Art Deco style. Representative of his style are his illustrations depicting thin female figures wearing turbans and perhaps the best qualities of his subjects are their carefree attitudes, self-confident and independent looks. Il consiste en un retour à la rigueur classique : symétrie, ordres classiques (souvent très stylisés), pierre de taille (sans aucun effet pittoresque). We provide art lovers and art collectors with one of the best places on the planet to discover modern and contemporary art. Born in St. Petersburg in 1892, he became one of the most influential fashion designers and illustrators in Paris in 1920’s. Le Corbusier, en France, est aussi est l’un des premiers à penser la forme de ses meubles dans une optique de fabrication industrielle en utilisant des matériaux comme le verre et l’acier. Russian-born French artist Sonia Delaunay is among those Art Deco designers who even today strongly influence fashion trends. Su característica principal es que a diferencia de otros movimientos de diseño que tienen raíces filosóficas o políticas el arte déco era puramente decorativo y por lo tanto se consideraba como un estilo muy burgués. 1920'lerde ortaya çıkan ve 1930'larda avrupa ve amerika'ya hepten yayılan dekoratif sanatta, endüstriyel tasarımda ve mimaride dönemin tarzını belirleyen akım, ismini ise paris'te 1925 senesinde yapılan arts décoratifs et industriels modernes sergisinden almıştır. Today we think of art deco as "old-fashioned," but in the 1920s and 1930s, this decorating style was considered modern and quite fashionable. Inspired by Cubism, Fauvism and working closely with Surrealist poetry school and Dada artists, she was the first designer to introduce abstract inspiration into the world of fashion. Ar deko (Art deco) 1925’te Paris’teki Uluslararası Çağdaş Dekoratif ve Endüstriyel Sanatlar Sergisi, aşağı yukarı on yıl önce başlayarak resimde, mimarlıkta ve özellikle uygulamalı sanatlarda yaygın hale gelen bir üslubu tanıttı ve ona adını verdi. Art Deco tarzda incelemekte olduğunuz Art Deco Koltuk Takımları modelleri için ürünlerimizi detaylı olarak inceleyebilir beğendiğiniz ürünleri peşin fiyatına 9 taksitle satın alabilirsiniz. A Art Déco foi um movimento internacional moderno que ocorreu entre os anos de 1925 até 1939. Ce désir de retour à l'ordre, à la symétrie et à la sobriété prend différentes expressions selon les pays. Her artistry is a perfect representation of her lifestyle of glamour. The term "arts décoratifs" was invented in 1875 to give designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners. At the close of a century that saw the Industrial Revolution take hold, contemporary life became very different from a few decades earlier. Jean Dunand (1877-1942) André Groult (1884-1967) Pierre Chareau (1883-1959) Joseph Czajkowski (1872-1947) Konstantin Melnikov (1890-1974) Fancy Susan Sternau en la obra Art Déco lo describe de la siguiente forma: "Desarrollado en París y más tarde fomentado en Hollywood como el estilo de las estrellas, el Art Deco hizo la transición, en unos pocos años, de un primarío estilo … For a while, he also worked with Hollywood production companies, designing sets and costumes for some memorable films like Ben-Hur. Tamara de Lempicka is possibly one of the most admired and most recognizable Art Deco artists. At the start of World War I Després started working on an airplane, industrial design and both of these elements, the Cubist inspiration and industrial experience influenced his later jewelry works. Le texte intégral de l'article est ici →, 1-{{getCurrentCount()}} sur {{getTotalCount()}}. Doç. Born in Poland in 1898 and settling in Paris after the Russian revolution, Lempicka became engaged in the bohemian lifestyle of 1920s Parisian socialites, painting portraits of many prominent figures including the exiled nobility, which brought the painter critical acclaim, fame, and considerable wealth. En France, l'Art déco a peu marqué l'architecture, comparativement au mobilier ou aux arts appliqués : seule l'architecture éphémère, créée pour l'Exposition de 1925, est dite de style Art déco. Romain de Tirtoff known by his alias Erté is probably one of the best known Art Deco designers. Nitekim, tarzın etkileri 20. yüzyıl ressamlarının akışkan ve aerodinamik fırça darbelerinde görülebiliyor. À l'inverse, en 1930, les courants internationaux du Bauhaus et du mouvement de Stijl inspireront largement les architectes français, qui donneront alors la primauté au logement social et, par conséquent, à l'économie sur les formes et les matériaux. His use of harmonious coloring, rich decorations, and bold compositions influenced a new generation of Art Deco designers making a great impact on the further developments of this decorative style. Mouvement artistique L'Art déco est un mouvement artistique né dans les années 1910, principalement au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale (1918) et qui prit son plein épanouissement au cours des années 1920 avant de décliner lentement à partir des années 1930, pour prendra fin avec la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1939). Art Deco represented a machine age aesthetic, replacing flowing, floral motifs with streamlined, geometric designs that expressed the speed, power and scale of modern technology. A prolific Art Deco designer, Dunand applied lacquer on a variety of objects and surfaces from vases and jewelry to panels, furniture, and even portraits. Erté became widely recognized for his sophisticated and highly stylized fashion illustrations. In 1920s René Lalique abandoned his Art Nouveau orientation toward natural, free-flowing forms and adopted the tendencies of the emerging Art Deco art style. Le design qui débute sur les grandes séries d'équipement de l'habitat et des bureaux peut y être associé, ainsi que la mode vestimentaire et la typographie des signalisations et des réclames affichées et les enseignes. Perhaps the greatest achievement in Ruhlmann’s work was his ability to introduce the aristocratic, classical style of the past to the modern context. In the years before World War II, young Després was working as the apprentice at a Paris metal workshop, training to continue the family’s small jewelry business. Le mobilier Art Déco est l’œuvre d’artistes décorateurs destinée à une clientèle aisée, ayant soif de nouveauté, mais qui demeure relativement conformiste. Un mouvement de réaction contre l’Art nouveau apparaît dès la fin du XIXe siècle en Belgique, le début XXe siècle en France, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, etc.