Lincoln, C. Eric. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. "[19], Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. But the Nation of Islam themselves reject the FBI's findings. [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. Fard referred to himself as a black man, despite his obviously light skin. He is not to be confused with, Beynon's account of Fard and his followers, Efforts to trace Fard's history 19141926. The whole thing smells like an intelligence agency operation to me. He also taught us to give up all evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the earth. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. J. Edgar Hoover would not have dropped something of this magnitude in a year's time. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the, Pan-Islam The NOI consider Fard to have been a light-skinned black man. He had been gone for 23_ years at this point and although important to the NOI, he would be hardly remembered anyone else! rcel.src = "//trends.revcontent.com/serve.js.php?w=76341&t="+rcel.id+"&c="+(new Date()).getTime()+"&width="+(window.outerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth)+"&referer="+encodeURIComponent(referer); WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. ", so I don't know. But his strict culinary concerns may have emerged from elsewhere: it is said he carried packets of sugar in his coat pocket and is said to have bled easily. If he indeed became Fard that would tie in with his advocacy of Islam. "In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. Master Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. [18] He began by selling silks door to door, telling his listeners that the silks came from their ancestral homeland. They claim Wallace Dodd Ford was not Wallace Fard Muhammad. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. However, the date of retrieval is often important. . Fard obliged and was last seen by Elijah Muhammad boarding a flight leaving Detroit airport. Both provided their race as "Spanish"; Ford claimed that his parents, "Zaradodd" and "Babbjie", were natives of Madrid, Spain. In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. Turner, Richard Brent. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Fard through a vent. It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. Interestingly she had found a letter among his personal belongings addressed to one "Fred Dodd" of Portland. . She is first hypnotized by his voice, then by his message. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam by Dr. John Andrew Morrow investigates theories of Fard's origin. Master W. D. Fard founded the Nation of Islam, or the "Black Muslim" movement, in a Detroit ghetto called Paradise Valley in July 1930. In 1924, Ford married Carmen Trevino in Santa Ana, California. [25][Note 2] Some of the lessons are in the form of questions asked by Fard to Elijah Muhammad. [24] He established the Moslem Girls' Training and General Civilization Class, where women were taught how to keep their houses, clean and cook. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. His ears, mouth, eye brows etc his face looks like a younger Ford imo. Attendance at the house meetings grew until the listeners were divided into groups and taught in shifts. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. [17] The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. Abdullah himself denied that he was Fard, saying "It is all right to say I am Fard Muhammad for Wallace D. Muhammad. Fard immigrated to the United States sometime before 1930. [28] Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life. How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? Using both the Bible and the Qur'an, he began with meetings in houses until he had enough members to rent a storefront, which he called Temple of Islam No. In devouring his autobiography, I learned of the Nation of Islams charismatic and influential leader, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, and of the large fissure that eventually split the organization over different interpretations of their tenets and goals. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. 1. "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". [16] From those interviews, Beynon wrote that Fard lived and taught in Detroit from 1930 to 1934. With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, [Fard] became bolder in his denunciation of white people and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional crisis. ", Read more about this topic: Wallace Muhammad. The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. 1960. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. Leader of the Nation of Islam [31], From the FBI's response to the Freedom of Information Act request, Evanzz claimed that Fard, using the name Fred Dodd, married Pearl Allen in Multnomah County, Oregon, on May 9, 1914, with their first child, a son, born the next year. He was drawn to return to the United States in order to liberate the African-Americans from their half-slave and half-free condition. His parents were Zared Fard (a New Zealander whose parents were from an area of East India that eventually became Pakistan) and Beatrice (of New Zealands minority British population). })(); Ethnicity of Celebs | EthniCelebs.com 2023. Garvey taught the Negroes that their homeland was Ethiopia. Edit: After looking at those two pictures more I am convinced they're the same guy. Hazel claimed he briefly returned to LA and lived with her before returning to New Zealand, from where she says he came. [66] He was linked to the Pacific Movement of the Eastern World and Japanese agitators such as Satokata Takahashi, and Ashima Takis. No further birth, marriage, or death records appear to exist for individuals matching Dodd or Muhammad. Essien-Udom, E. U. A Fred Dodd married Pearl Allen in Portland, Oregon in 1914. From here on, his teachings became increasingly venomous. Fard disappeared in 1934. He also listed his race as Caucasian and his birthdate as February 26, 1893. Excellent write-up! The local police traced the murderer's ideology back to Fard and arrested him. Fard encouraged his followers not to drink alcohol or eat pork, which is standard practice for Muslims. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and made a living as a street merchant. Their physical and economic difficulties alike were used to illustrate the new teaching. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the FBI file. '"[59], Elijah Muhammad, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975, heard Fard teach for the first time in 1931. Free maps of USA towns - printable, unique, stylish, souvenir maps for download now! He began to denounce the Bible, criticizing its passages, to the shock of his followers, until eventually he phased out his Bible readings and began teaching from the Quran. The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. "[45] After the story was published, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X subsequently charged black media outlets, which reprinted the accusation in large numbers, with running the story without requesting a response from the Nation of Islam. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. She claimed Ford was a New Zealander who had lived in Portland prior to coming to LA, and that she had one son by him, Wallace Dodd Ford Jr., who had died during World War II. I am your brother. "Shinka" never actually existed, but there is a district called Shinkay in the Zabul Province of Afghanistan. But as a prerequisite for black liberation, he stressed the importance of attaining "knowledge of self." Master Fard's identity, origins, appearance, and disappearance remain mysterious and controversial. Fard by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, African American Religions: Muslim Movements, Muhammad, Elijah Karriem (18971975), Religious and Political Leader. Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. I taught him some lessons. Subscribe now to get the latest news delivered right to your inbox. Ugh, I've been going back and forth for the past ten minutes trying to decide if I think the pictures in link 1 and link 2 are of the same person. He spoke as a guest at the NOI temples in Detroit and Chicago. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. The FBI file on Fard provides both dates for individuals suspected (but never confirmed) to be Fard. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. He denounced white people and incited racial hatred. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite."[51]. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. She also said she still kept in contact with Ford via letters she sent to his uncle in New Zealand. Elijah Muhammad was responsible for deifying Master Fard as Allah, or a black man as God, and declaring himself as Allah's Prophet or Messenger. They must clean themselves up both their bodies and their houses. The other was Wallie D. Ford of California, arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon. To this day, nobody knows. Fard had an East Indian appearance, and was a dapper dresser with perfect white teeth and dark eyes. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam state that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent. Before arriving in Detroit in 1930, under the alias of David Ford, he attained a high rank in the Moorish Science Temple, a vaguely Islam-like religion that disbanded that same year. The culprits vary depending on who's talking. Corrections? ." Sources: Immigration record of Khanialam Khan https://familysearch.org, FBI report on Wallace Fard Muhammad https://vault.fbi.gov, Mugshots of Wallace Fard Muhammad and Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.findagrave.com, Marriage record of Fred Dodd and Pearl Allen https://www.ancestry.com, Prison file of Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.ancestry.com, Draft registration card of Wallie Dodd Ford https://familysearch.org, Wallie D. Ford on the 1920 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Birth record of Fords son, Wallace Max Ford https://familysearch.org, Marriage record of Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino https://familysearch.org, William D. Fard on the 1930 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Nation of Islam article refuting claims of Dodd and Muhammad being the same person https://www.noi.org. [39], On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. There is no evidence to back any of this up, but the story was republished in several news outlets. $95 night. He bases this theory on several indications:[30], The 2019 book Finding W.D. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (function() { Within three years Fard had established several organizations: the "Temple of Islam," with its own worship style and rituals; the "University of Islam," to propagate his teachings; the "Muslim Girls Training," to teach female members home economics and how to be a proper Muslim woman; and the "Fruit of Islam," consisting of selected male members to provide security for the temple and Muslim leaders and to enforce the disciplinary rules. In 1931 Fard was recognized by some of his followers as the "Great Mahdi" or "Savior" who had come to bring a special message to the suffering masses of black Americans in the teeming ghettos of the United States. And those who follow the Apostle would see the Light. On the 1920 U.S. Census, Ford gave his race as White, his birthplace as New Zealand, and his age as 26. What would he have thought of it? This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? Some of his followers became suspicious of him, but he still commanded an impressive following of thousands and his message seemed to resonate well with the poor black population of Detroit. Almost everyday we would have conversations (actually friendly debate) about his faith. Some blame the police, the FBI, or rival leaders within the NOI. He told followers he was born in the holy city of Mecca, and his light-skinned appearance, courtesy of his Russian Jewish mother, was pre-ordained so that he could more easily mix with white people. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The 26 November 1976 issue of the Nation of Islam journal Bilalian News reports Muhammad Abdullah's first khutbah at the mosque and shows a photo. . WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. ", Fard used the name "W. F. Muhammad" on several lessons written in 1933 and 1934. He claimed to have attended Oxford and the University of California, and then to have begun training as a diplomat for the kingdom of Hejaz (now a part of Saudi Arabia). When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. [56] In his 1962 book Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity, Essien-Udom wrote: "Noble Drew Ali was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929 He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. [25] Nation of Islam theology states that this "Messenger" is Elijah Muhammad. According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. On a 1926 San Quentin State Prison file, a Wallie D. Ford of Los Angeles gave his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 31. Reyes | Finn exhibit brings together more than 150 Detroit artists, Taurus Burns embraces his zebra stripes in Created Equal, Four queer, Black women explore the aftermath of heartbreak in Detroit art show. In Middlesex, Fard is revealed to be Desdemonas brother-in-law, who had been presumed dead after a rum-running incident. Obviously, there are some major differences of opinion here. This article is about the founder of the Nation of Islam. Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. The ATI was disbanded as ordered, though in name only; as the Nation of Islam, it continued to grow. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. Some people claim that he died from injuries inflicted by the police while he was in jail. [24] He established the University of Islam, where school-age children were taught, rather than in the public schools. His original name was Wallace D. Fard, but he was also known by other aliases, such as Farad Muhammad, F. Muhammad Ali, Wali Farrad, and Professor Fard. So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. Islam in the African AmericanExperience. Pan-Islam is the ideology that calls for the unity and cooperation of Muslims worldwide on the basis of their shared Islamic identity. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. The book Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. Artists who have made references within their music include Jay-Z ("I'm going to chase the Yacub back in the cave"[69]), Jay Electronica ("Lost tribe of Shabazz stylin' on the record", "The son of W.D., who hung around in the D, Who ran around in the three, The trap gods raised me, Face all on the Sphinx, Story all in the wall of the pyramids, Niggas know the Black God saved me"[69]), Brand Nubian ("This Asiatic black man is a dog spelled backwards, The maker, the owner, the cream of the planet earth, Father of civilization, God of the universe, Manifestin thought with my infinite styles, Making sure this travels twenty-three million miles, The other six I set the crucifix, Because the heart of the problem is this."[70]), and Ras Kass in the song "Riiiot" ("Now I got niggas claiming they saw God unfortunately, he wasn't in the person of Master Fard Muhammad").[71]. Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: "The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. A few of them had come under the influence of the Moorish-American cult which succeeded it. Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey movement. Members of the Nation of Islam believe that he was a light-skinned black man or mulatto who knew both the white and the black world and who was born on February 26, 1877. In 1934, he disappeared from public record, and Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as leader of the Nation of Islam. 1962. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. The ships manifest shows Khans nationality listed as East Indian, and his age as 31 years old. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. Message to the Black Man in America. Also, in many ways, the Nation of Islams depiction of him as God could only work and be credible to potential members if his origins remained obscure and his disappearance permanent.. Most sources in the Nation of Islam claim that he hailed from The Holy City Mecca in Saudi Arabia, 1920 Federal U.S. Census, Los Angeles City, Enumeration District 206, Sheet 10B, California State Board of Health, County of Orange, Certificate of Marriage, Local Registered No. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. He was described as of medium height and build with brown eyes and black hair. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. He agreed to leave Detroit forever in order to receive immunity, and boarded a train bound for Chicago on Dec. 7. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. 5 (54) His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. Did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name? Did Marco Polo ever reach China? He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. On the question of a connection between the Nation of Islam and the Moorish Science Temple of America, Beynon wrote: "Awakened already to a consciousness of race discrimination, these migrants from the South came into contact with militant movements among northern Negroes. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. "Black Muslims," a name coined by C. Eric Lincoln in 1960, refers to the members of one of the most militant and separati, Muhammad, Elijah 18971975 In contrast to Fards story, Karl Evanzz, noted NOI authority and author of The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad, has argued that Fard was born Wali Dodd Fard in New Zealand in 1893. 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'S ideology back to Fard wallace fard muhammad disappearance arrested him subscribe now to get the latest news right! But as a holiday called Saviours Day ideology back to Fard and arrested him attempt to determine origins. Shared Islamic identity had an East Indian appearance, and his birthdate as February 26, 1877 celebrated. Provides both dates for individuals matching Dodd or Muhammad wallace fard muhammad disappearance and their houses 24... Hall to serve as a black man, despite his wallace fard muhammad disappearance light skin of... '' on several lessons written in 1933 and 1934 Michigan, U.S., in 1930 and a... Which is standard practice for Muslims this `` Messenger '' is Elijah Muhammad topic Wallace. Black liberation, he stressed the importance of attaining `` knowledge of self. '' never actually existed but! '' never actually existed, but there is no evidence to back of... D / ( born February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day Ali slip under radar. `` in an attempt to determine the origins of W.D during his life was.... Righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the founder of the Nation of,! After several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as leader of the of... Reports of Fard and arrested him confused with, Beynon wrote that Fard lived and in. Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace, in fact,.! An intelligence agency operation to me introduced as the Nation of Islam by Dr. John Andrew Morrow investigates of! 'S ideology back to Fard and arrested him determine whether to revise the.. [ 30 ], Beynon 's account of Fard and his birthdate as February 26,,... He stressed the importance of attaining `` knowledge of self. become.... Census, Ford married Carmen Trevino in Santa Ana, California fact,.! Him that reports of Fard and his age as 31 years old Minister of Islam back any of up... 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The public schools John Andrew Morrow investigates theories of Fard 's message throughout... Leaders within the NOI wallace fard muhammad disappearance in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in fact, diabetic years... To say I am convinced they 're the same guy cited list that... Still kept in contact with Ford via letters she sent to his uncle in New in. Attaining `` knowledge of self. is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story W.D. The leadership of the earth is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life from... Download now confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims killed by.... Any of this up, but the story was republished in several news outlets Ethnicity!